现代林学、森林与林业

贺庆棠　

摘　要：论述了林学、森林与林业近两个多世纪以来的发展和变化.林学经历了由传统林学向现代林学的转变.现代林学是以森林生态系统的营建、经营管理和利用为研究对象，以发挥森林生态系统的生态环境功能为核心，全面发挥森林的多种效益和多种功能为目的的学科.对森林的认识也经历了由单株树木到树木群体到森林生态系统的变化.由于对林学及森林认识的深刻变化，人们对林业的认识也就从长期形成的以木材利用为中心，转变到以发挥森林生态系统的生态环境作用为核心和重点，全面发挥森林的生态、经济和社会功能作为林业的指导思想和目标，以实现林业的可持续发展.
关键词：现代林学；森林；林业；森林生态系统；生态环境
分类号：S71　文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-2502(2001)01-0014-03

Modern Forestry Science，Forest and Forestry

HE Qing-tang（Bejing Forestry University，Beijing 100083,China）　

Abstract：This paper expounds the development and variation of the forestry science，forest and forestry neally in past two cen turies．The forestry science in itself goes through a transformation from traditional forestry science to modern forestry s cience.The modern forestry science, with the object of studying the establishment，manageme nt and exploitation of the forestry ecosystem and the core of developing the eco logical environinent functi on of the forestry ecosystem，is a subject that takes an overall play to the mul tiple benefits and function of forest.The cognition of forest also undergoes a variation from a single tree to trees g roup and still to forest ecosystem．Due to the deep alteration of the understand ing of forestry science and forest，people begin changing their understanding of forestry from a central for m of timber utilizing which formed for a long time to a form that takes developi ng the ecological environment function of forestry ecosystem as its core and fo cal point，and takes an overall play to the ecological，economical and social function of forestry as its leadi ng thought and aim，so as to realize the sustainable development of forestry.
Keywords：modern forestry science；forest; forest ecosyst em； forestry；ecologica1 environment