松节油标准样品的制备及特征组分研究

古 研， 毕良武， 赵振东， 李冬梅， 王 婧
    （中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所；国家林业局林产化学工程重点开放性实验室，江苏南京210042）
    摘 要：对比研究了溶剂法和水蒸气蒸馏法制备马尾松、湿地松和思茅松松节油的工艺，使用水蒸气蒸馏法制得的3种松节油样品均符合国家标准《脂松节油》GB/T 12901-2006的质量指标要求。GC和GC-MS分析结果显示，3种松节油样品的主要特征组分有α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、苧烯、β-水芹烯和长叶烯、石竹烯等，而且含量差异比较明显。主要成分α-蒎烯与β-蒎烯相对含量之比分别为马尾松松节油8.5、湿地松松节油2.0和思茅松松节油4.0，该比值具有非常明显的差异性，其比值的大小有可能作为松树树种鉴别的一项重要判断依据。
关键词：马尾松；湿地松；思茅松；松节油；标准样品

中图分类号：TQ351.472       文献标识码：A       文章编号：1673-5854（2006）06-0001-05
Study on Preparation and Characteristic Constituents of Turpentine Reference Materials
GU Yan, BI Liang-wu, ZHAO Zhen-dong, LI Dong-mei, WANG Jing
（Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products,CAF;  Key and Open Lab. on
Forest Chemical Engineering,SFA, Nanjing 210042, China）

Abstract: The preparation processes of turpentine from masson pine, slash pine, and simao pine were studied comparatively with solvent and steam distillation methods. The characteristic properties of three kinds of turpentine prepared by steam distillation method had all met the super grade requirements of China national standard——GB/T 12901-2006 "Gum turpentine". The analytical results of GC and GC-MS showed that the chemical characteristic compositions of three kinds of turpentine are separately α-pinene,β-pinene, linmonene,β-phyllendrene, longifolene andβ-carryophylene, etc. The obvious difference would be related to the relative content ratios of α-pinene and β-pinene, which are 8.5 (masson pine turpentine), 2.0 (slash pine turpentine), and 4.0 (Simao pine turpentine), respectively. The characteristic parameter difference of relative content ratio of α-pinene to β-pinene would be used as an important evidence for the identification of pine species.
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Key words:  masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.);slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.);Simao pine (Pinus kesiya var. langbiangensis (A. Chev) Gaussen);turpentine oil;reference materials